KEY TRENDS 

•Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality in India, responsible for the deaths of nearly 400,000 children under five in 2010 π

•The Indian Commission on Macroeconomics and Health notes that, in India, 13 household person-days per patient were lost per episode of malaria. Furthermore, the commission estimated that the overall monetary losses to families (income losses together with treatment expenses) could amount to between 200 and 400 Indian rupees (US$ 3.5 to 7) ∂

•Odisha is one of the most highly malaria-endemic states in India, accounting for 24% of reported cases in 2010 despite consisting of less of than 4% of the national population. Malaria is particularly common among tribal groups which represent 44% of the population of Orissa ∂

•Globally 12% of all deaths among adults aged 30 years and over were attributed to tobacco as compared with 16% in India, 17% in Pakistan and 31% in Bangladesh @ 

•A recent study illustrated the economic impact of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in India by estimating that if NCDs like: heart disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory conditions, and other NCDs were “eliminated”, the country’s 2004 GDP would have been 4 to 10 percent greater##

•The share of out-of-pocket household health expenditures on NCDs in India increased from 32 percent to 47 percent between 1995–1996 and 2004. Moreover, 40 percent of these expenditures were financed by borrowing and sales of assets, increasing the household’s financial vulnerability##

•In Gujarat, India, 50% of women feel they need the permission of their husband or parent-in-law before taking their sick child to a doctor###

•Only 10% Indians have some form of health insurance, mostly inadequate***

•Hospitalized Indians spend on an average 58% of their total annual expenditure*** 

•Over 25% of hospitalized Indians fall below poverty line because of hospital expenses***

•Infant mortality continues to decline, dropping from 68 in 1998-99 to 57 in 2005-06 per thousand births*

•In NFHS-III, 62% of women with two daughters and no sons say they want no more children, compared with 47% in NFHS-II*

π Pneumonia Progress Report, 2012, released by IVAC and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,

http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/IVAC-P
neumonia-Progress-Report-2012.pdf

http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Defeat
ing%20malaria.pdf

€ Children in India 2012-A Statistical Appraisal, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, GoI, http://www.im4change.org/docs/659Children_in_India_2012.pdf 

@ WHO Global Report: Mortality Attributable to Tobacco (2012), http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2012/9789241564434_eng.pdf 

## The Growing Danger of Non-Communicable Diseases: Acting Now to Reverse Course, September, 2011, The World Bank,

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPUL
ATION/Resources/Peer-Reviewed-Publications/WBDeepeningCris
is.pdf 

* National Family Health Survey III (2005-06), http://www.nfhsindia.org/nfhs3.html